See espinudo on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*spey-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/spey-#Proto-Indo-European:_sharp"
],
[
"*speinā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/speinā"
],
[
"spīna",
"spina#Latin"
],
[
"espina",
"espina#Old_Spanish"
],
[
"espina",
"espina#Spanish"
],
[
"-udo",
"-udo#Spanish"
],
[
"espina",
"espina#Spanish"
],
[
"-udo",
"-udo#Spanish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":af",
"3": "espina",
"4": "-udo",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nSpanish -udo\nSpanish espinudo\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-udo\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espinudo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"espinudo\">\nFrom espina + -udo.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nSpanish -udo\nSpanish espinudo\nFrom espina + -udo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espinuda",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "espinudos",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espinudas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "espinudo (feminine espinuda, masculine plural espinudos, feminine plural espinudas)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"es‧pi‧nu‧do"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"es‧pi‧nu‧do"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spiny, thorny, prickly"
],
"id": "en-espinudo-es-adj-U2ay3zrM",
"links": [
[
"spiny",
"spiny"
],
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"prickly",
"prickly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "espinoso"
},
{
"word": "espinado"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish terms suffixed with -udo",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dangerous, difficult"
],
"id": "en-espinudo-es-adj-tAPj-~Sp",
"links": [
[
"dangerous",
"dangerous"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/espiˈnudo/"
},
{
"ipa": "[es.piˈnu.ð̞o]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-udo"
}
],
"word": "espinudo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Spanish/udo",
"Rhymes:Spanish/udo/4 syllables",
"Spanish 4-syllable words",
"Spanish adjectives",
"Spanish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"Spanish entries with etymology texts",
"Spanish entries with etymology trees",
"Spanish entries with etymon",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *spey-",
"Spanish terms suffixed with -udo",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*spey-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/spey-#Proto-Indo-European:_sharp"
],
[
"*speinā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/speinā"
],
[
"spīna",
"spina#Latin"
],
[
"espina",
"espina#Old_Spanish"
],
[
"espina",
"espina#Spanish"
],
[
"-udo",
"-udo#Spanish"
],
[
"espina",
"espina#Spanish"
],
[
"-udo",
"-udo#Spanish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":af",
"3": "espina",
"4": "-udo",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nSpanish -udo\nSpanish espinudo\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sharp\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*spey-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*speinā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"spīna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espina\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-udo\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"espinudo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"espinudo\">\nFrom espina + -udo.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *spey-der.\nProto-Italic *speinā\nLatin spīna\nOld Spanish espina\nSpanish espina\nSpanish -udo\nSpanish espinudo\nFrom espina + -udo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espinuda",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "espinudos",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espinudas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "espinudo (feminine espinuda, masculine plural espinudos, feminine plural espinudas)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"es‧pi‧nu‧do"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"es‧pi‧nu‧do"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spiny, thorny, prickly"
],
"links": [
[
"spiny",
"spiny"
],
[
"thorny",
"thorny"
],
[
"prickly",
"prickly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "espinoso"
},
{
"word": "espinado"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dangerous, difficult"
],
"links": [
[
"dangerous",
"dangerous"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/espiˈnudo/"
},
{
"ipa": "[es.piˈnu.ð̞o]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-udo"
}
],
"word": "espinudo"
}
Download raw JSONL data for espinudo meaning in All languages combined (3.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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